Influence of Climate Variability (Wave Height, Temperature, and Current Velocity) on Floating Net Cage Aquaculture in South Lampung, Indonesia: Insights from BMKG 2024

Abstract

This study examines the influence of climate variability on floating net cage (KJA) aquaculture in South Lampung, Indonesia, based on 2024 meteorological and oceanographic data obtained from BMKG Panjang. Three key environmental parameters—wave height, water temperature, and current velocity—were monitored monthly and compared with aquaculture production data collected from local farmers. Results indicated that wave height remained relatively stable (0–0.9 m), while water temperature fluctuated between 27.0 °C in April and 31.5 °C in February and December. Current velocity ranged from 0–10 cm s⁻¹, with the strongest flows recorded between May and July. Fish production varied from 400 to 1,050 kg per cycle, with higher yields observed during periods of stable warm temperatures and lower yields during cooler months accompanied by stronger currents. Temperature and current velocity were identified as the primary climate drivers influencing aquaculture performance. The findings highlight the need for adaptive management strategies—such as site selection, biosecurity improvement, and optimized feeding regimes—to sustain aquaculture productivity under changing climatic conditions.