Unresponsiveness of Enhalus acoroides Ethanolic Extract on MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cell Line

Abstract

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly aggressive because it lacks estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and HER-2 hormone receptors. Recent anticancer research focuses on natural ingredients to reduce the toxicity of synthetic drugs. E. acoroides is known to contain bioactive compounds that can be cytotoxic to cancer cells. This study aimed to determine the toxicity, cytotoxic, and antiproliferative properties of E. acoroides ethanolic extract against TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231. The methods used includeed Phytochemical Test, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis (FTIR) analysis, Antioxidant Activity Test DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), Toxicity Test with BSLT, Cytotoxic and Antiproliferative Test with WST-8. Based on phytochemical tests, E. acoroides ethanolic extract contained alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tannin, steroid, and phenolic. The BSLT results showed E. acoroides ethanolic extract has the LC₅₀ value of 461.576 ppm, categorized as moderate toxic. Antioxidant activity of E. acoroides ethanolic extract indicated low with IC₅₀ values of 858.43 ppm. Then, based on the cytotoxic and antiproliferative test, E. acoroides ethanolic extract has IC₅₀ value of >2000 ppm respectively and do not have antiproliferative activity against MDA-MB-231 cells. These findings demonstrate the unresponsiveness of MDA-MB-231 cells to E. acoroides ethanolic extract, indicating limited anticancer potential against aggressive TNBC cell line.